Class 8 NCERT Social Science Geography Chapter “Industries’ textbook Exercise solutions are given here.
Q&A of NCERT Chapter ‘Industries’ Class 8
1. Answer the following questions:
(i) What is meant by the term ‘industry’?
Answer: Industry refers to economic activities concerned with the production of goods, extraction of minerals, or the provision of services. Examples include iron and steel industries (production), coal mining (extraction), and tourism (service).
(ii) Which are the main factors that influence the location of an industry?
Answer: The main factors affecting industrial location are:
- Availability of raw materials
- Land
- Water
- Labour
- Power supply
- Capital
- Transport
- Market access
- Government incentives
(iii) Which industry is often referred to as the backbone of modern industry and why?
Answer: The iron and steel industry is called the backbone of modern industry because steel is used in the production of tools, machinery, vehicles, buildings, transportation, and various infrastructure projects.
2. Distinguish between the following:
(i) Agro-based and mineral based industry
(ii) Public sector and joint sector industry
Answer:
(i) Agro-based and Mineral-based industry
- Agro-based industries: Use plant or animal-based raw materials (e.g., cotton textile, dairy, food processing).
- Mineral-based industries: Use minerals as raw materials (e.g., iron and steel, cement, aluminium).
(ii) Public sector and Joint sector industry
- Public sector industries: Owned and operated by the government (e.g., Steel Authority of India Limited – SAIL).
- Joint sector industries: Owned and operated by both the government and private individuals/groups (e.g., Maruti Udyog Limited).
3. Give two examples of the following:
Answer:
(i) Raw Materials: Iron ore, Cotton
(ii) End Products: Paper, Steel
(iii) Tertiary Activities: Banking, Tourism
(iv) Agro-based Industries: Dairy, Cotton textile
(v) Cottage Industries: Pottery, Basket weaving
(vi) Co-operatives: Amul Dairy, Sudha Dairy
