This article helps students learn and prepare Clas 10 CBSE Class 10 Social Science (Economics) Competency Focused Questions along with MCQs from Previous Years’ Questions.
As the CBSE Class 10 board exams draw near, it’s essential to focus on the new exam pattern, which emphasizes competency-based questions. These questions test your ability to apply economic concepts to real-world situations. By mastering these competency-based questions and following these tips, you can confidently face the CBSE Class 10 Economics exam and achieve excellent results.
MCQs from Previous Years and CFQs
Here is a collection of MCQs from Previous Years’ Questions for the Chapter “Development” given in NCERT Class 10 Economics Textbook.
MCQs with Answers:
Set 1: 2023-24
1. Which of the following are developmental goals of a prosperous farmer? Choose the correct option from the given options. [2023-24]
I. Better wages
II. Higher support prices for crops
III. Assured high family income
IV. More days for work
Options:
(a) Only I and II are correct.
(b) Only II and IV are correct.
(c) Only II and III are correct.
(d) Only I and IV are correct
Answer: (c) Only II and III are correct.
Explanation: Higher support prices for crops (ensures profitability).Assured high family income (provides financial security).
2. Which one of the following indices is given priority by the World Bank with respect to development? [2023-24]
(a) Infant Mortality Rate
(b) Equality
(c) Body Mass Index
(d) Per Capita Income
Answer: (d) Per Capita Income
3. Suppose the monthly income of the family members is as follows respectively: • Mother– `. 50,000/- • Father– ₹ 40,000/- • Son– ₹ 20,000/- • Daughter– ₹ 20,000/-
The average income of the family would be: [2023-24]
- (a) 32,000/-
- (b) 30,000/-
- (c) 32,500/-
- (d) 33,000/-
Answer: (c) 32,500/-
4. Read the following statements about Human Development and choose the correct option: [2023]
- (I) It is the composite Index prepared by United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).
- (II) Parameters to measure it are Longevity, Literacy and Per Capita Income.
- (III) Countries are ranked according to Developed and Low Developing countries.
- (IV) World Bank also prepares report of Human Development on the basis of Quality of Life.
(a) I and II
(b) II and III
(c) I and III
(d) II and IV (2023)
Answer: (a) I and II
Set 2: MCQs & CFQs
1. Assume there are four families in a locality. If the monthly income of each family is ` 10,000, ` 20,000, ` 30,000 and ` 40000 then what is the average income of the locality. Choose the correct option from the following. [2023]
(a) 25,000 (b) 30,000 (c) 20,000 (d) 10,000
Answer: (a)
Given: Monthly incomes: ₹10,000, ₹20,000, ₹30,000, ₹40,000
Calculation:
Answer: (a) ₹25,000
2. Match the correct option from Column A and Column B. [2020]
| Column A | Column B |
|---|---|
| (a) Prosperous farmers from Punjab | (iii) Higher support prices for their crops for farmers |
| (b) Landless rural labourers | (i) More days of work and better wages |
| (c) Farmers who depend only on rain | (ii) Availability of additional sources of irrigation facilities |
| (d) A girl from a rich urban family | (iv) She gets as much freedom as her brother |
Answer: (d)
(a)-(iii), (b)-(i), (c)-(ii), (d)-(iv)
3. Read the given data and find out children of which state has attained maximum elementary school education. [SQP 2022-2023]
| State | Per Capita Income (2018-19) | Infant Mortality Rate (per 1000 live births, 2018) | Literacy Rate (%) (2017-18) | Net Attendance Ratio (%) (Age 14-15, 2017-18) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Haryana | 2,36,147 | 30 | 82 | 61 |
| Kerala | 2,04,105 | 7 | 94 | 83 |
| Bihar | 40,982 | 32 | 62 | 43 |
(A) Haryana (B) Bihar (C) Haryana and Kerala both (D) Kerala
Answer: (D) Kerala
Explanation: Kerala has the highest literacy rate (94%) and the highest net attendance ratio (83%) among the given states, indicating its superior elementary school education level.
4. Read the following data and select the appropriate option from the following. [SQP 2022-23]
| Category | Male (%) | Female (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Literacy rate for rural population | 76 | 54 |
| Literacy rate for rural children (10-14 years) | 90 | 87 |
| Percentage of rural children (10-14) attending school | 85 | 82 |
How much percentage of girls are not attending school?
(A) 81% (B) 61% (C) 69% (D) 18%
Answer: (D) 18%
Explanation: The percentage of girls not attending school is calculated as ( 100% – 82% = 18% ).
5. Study the data given below: [CFPQ]
| Country | Total GDP | GDP Per Capita |
|---|---|---|
| Japan | $4,872,415,104,315 | $38,214 |
| Germany | $3,693,204,332,230 | $44,680 |
Despite having a higher total income than Germany, Japan has a lower per capita income. What is the reason for this?
(A) Japan has a more equitable distribution of income. (B) Germany has more rich people than poor people. (C) Japan has a smaller population than Germany. (D) Japan has a bigger population than Germany.
Answer: (D) Japan has a bigger population than Germany.
Explanation: Total income divided by population determines per capita income. Japan’s larger population lowers its per capita income compared to Germany.
6. “We have not inherited the world from our forefathers, we have borrowed it from our children.” –Mr. Lester Brown
Which of the following BEST displays this principle in action? [CFPQ]
(A) using up current oil reserves before beginning to explore more reserves. (B) moving to oil reserves under the sea to avoid drilling on land. (C) moving to alternative fuels to conserve world oil reserves. (D) using modern drilling facilities to extract petroleum.
Answer: (C) Moving to alternative fuels to conserve world oil reserves.
Explanation: Transitioning to sustainable energy sources ensures resources are preserved for future generations.
7. Read the given data and find out which country has the most equitable distribution of income. [SQP, 2020-21]
| Country | Monthly Incomes of Citizens (2018) |
|---|---|
| Country A | 10,500, 11,200, 10,800, 11,000, 10,700, 10,840 |
| Country B | 600, 5,000, 600, 600, 600, 1,480 |
| Country C | 550, 10,500, 400, 7,500, 2,000, 4,190 |
| Country D | 800, 4,800, 700, 5,000, 750, 2,410 |
(A) Country A (B) Country B (C) Country C (D) Country D
Answer: (A) Country A
Explanation: Country A has incomes closely clustered around a narrow range, indicating more equitable income distribution.
8. Which one of the following organizations prepares the ‘World Development Report’? [ODE 2023]
(A) World Bank (B) International Monetary Fund (C) World Health Organisation (D) International Labour Organisation
Answer: (A) World Bank
Explanation: The World Bank publishes the World Development Report, providing insights on global development issues.
9. There were three important developments that greatly shrank the pre-modern world. Identify the incorrect one from the following: R [Delhi 2023]
(A) The flow of trade (B) The flow of labour (C) The flow of capital (D) The flow of technology
Answer: (C) The flow of capital
Explanation: While the flows of trade, labour, and technology were crucial in shrinking the pre-modern world, the flow of capital is not considered a primary factor for that period.
10. Read the following statements about Human Development and choose the correct option: [Delhi, 2023]
| Statement | Correct? |
|---|---|
| (I) It is the composite index prepared by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). | True |
| (II) Parameters to measure it are Longevity, Literacy, and Per Capita Income. | True |
| (III) Countries are ranked according to Developed and Low Developing countries. | False |
| (IV) World Bank also prepares a report on Human Development based on Quality of Life. | False |
- (I) It is the composite Index prepared by United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).
- (II) Parameters to measure it are Longevity, Literacy and Per Capita Income.
- (III) Countries are ranked according to Developed and Low Developing countries.
- (IV) World Bank also prepares report of Human Development on the basis of Quality of Life.
(A) I and II (B) II and III
(C) I and III (D) II and IV
Answer: (A) I and II
Explanation: The HDI is prepared by UNDP using Longevity, Literacy, and Per Capita Income as key parameters.
11. Suppose there are four families in your locality, the average per capital income of whom is 10,000. If the income of three families is 6,000, 8000 and 14,000 respectively, what would be the income of the fourth family? [2021]
(A) 5,000 (B) 10,000 (C) 12,000 (D) 15,000
Given:
- Average per capita income = ₹10,000
- Income of 1st family = ₹6,000
- Income of 2nd family = ₹8,000
- Income of 3rd family = ₹14,000
Answer: (C) ₹12,000
12. Which of the following organizations publishes Human Development Report?[OEB]
(A) WTO
(B) UNICEF
(C) UNDP
(D) World Bank
Answer: (C) UNDP
Explanation: The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) publishes the Human Development Report annually.
13. Match the incorrect option from Column A and Column B:
| Column A | Column B |
|---|---|
| (i) Landless rural laborers | (a) More days of work and better wages |
| (ii) Prosperous farmers from Punjab | (b) Availability of other sources of irrigation |
| (iii) Farmers who depend on rain | (c) Assured higher support prices for their crops |
| (iv) A rural woman from a land-owning family | (d) Regular job and high wages to increase income |
(A) (i)-(a) (B) (ii)-(b) (C) (iii)-(c) (D) (iv)-(d)
Answer: (B) (ii)-(B)
Explanation: Prosperous farmers from Punjab typically have access to irrigation systems like canals and tube wells. Therefore, availability of other sources of irrigation is not a developmental goal for them.
14. Kerala has a low Infant Mortality Rate because— [OEB]
(A) People of the state are very rich.
(B) The climate of Kerala is very congenial and cozy.
(C) The state has adequate provisions of basic health and educational facilities.
(D) People take a nutritious diet and are not addicted to drugs.
Answer: (C) The state has adequate provisions of basic health and educational facilities.
Explanation: Kerala’s strong healthcare and education infrastructure significantly reduce infant mortality.
15. Match the following:
| Column A | Column B |
|---|---|
| (i) The total number of children enrolled in or attending primary school, as a percentage of total number of children of primary school age. | (a) Per Capita Income |
| (ii) This is the total percentage of the population of an area at a particular time aged 7 years or above, who can read and write with understanding at least one language. | (b) Life expectancy at birth |
| (iii) This is the total National Income (GDP) divided by the total population. | (c) Net Attendance Ratio |
| (iv) This is the number of years, a newborn child is expected to live if subject to the mortality risks prevailing for the population concerned. | (d) Literacy Rate |
- (A) (i)-(B), (ii)-(A), (iii)-(D), (iv)-(C)
- (B) (i)-(D), (ii)-(C), (iii)-(B), (iv)-(A)
- (C) (i)-(C), (ii)-(D), (iii)-(A), (iv)-(B)
- (D) (i)-(D), (ii)-(A), (iii)-(C), (iv)-(B)
Answer: (C) (i)-(C), (ii)-(D), (iii)-(A), (iv)-(B)
| Column A | Column B |
|---|---|
| (i) The total number of children enrolled in or attending primary school… | (c) Net Attendance Ratio |
| (ii) The total percentage of the population aged 7 years or above who can read… | (d) Literacy Rate |
| (iii) The total National Income (GDP) divided by the total population | (a) Per Capita Income |
| (iv) The number of years a newborn is expected to live if subject to current risks | (b) Life Expectancy |
16. Identify the incorrect statement:
(A) For development, people look at a mix of goals.
(B) It is true that if women are engaged in paid work, their dignity in the household and society decreases.
(C) If there is respect for women, there would be more sharing of housework and greater acceptance of women working outside.
(D) A safe and secure environment may allow more women to take up various jobs or run businesses.
Answer: (B) It is true that if women are engaged in paid work, their dignity in the household and society decreases.
Explanation: Engaging in paid work increases women’s dignity in the household and society, as work is often linked to respect and autonomy.
17. Which statement defines sustainable development?
(A) Sustainable use of natural resources without considering the needs of the future generation.
(B) Present generation fulfils its needs while considering the needs of the future generation as well.
(C) Utilization of natural resources by past, present, and forthcoming future generations.
(D) To meet the needs of future generations even if the needs of the present generation go unfulfilled.
Answer: (B) Present generation fulfils its needs while considering the needs of the future generation as well.
Explanation: Sustainable development ensures resource availability for future generations without compromising current needs.
18. Which of the following is an important health indicator? [OEB]
(A) CMI
(B) GMI
(C) BMI
(D) EMI
Answer: (C) BMI
Explanation: Body Mass Index (BMI) is an essential health indicator that measures whether a person has a healthy weight for their height, helping to assess nutrition and health status.
29. The Life Expectancy in India is: [OEB]
(A) Between 60 to 70
(B) Above 75
(C) Above 80
(D) Between 55 to 60
Answer: (A) Between 60 to 70
Explanation: As of the latest data, India’s life expectancy is approximately 69 years, which falls within the range of 60 to 70 years.
CBSE Class 10 Social Science (Economics) Competency-Based Questions
These questions are given in CBSE released official study materials for students of Class 10. It is available on CBSE official website.
Competency Focused Questions (Economics)
Q.1. Which of the following groups of people are likely to have the MOST conflicting developmental goals?
1. students and teachers
2. tribals and industrialists
3. small farmers and large farmers
4. municipal corporations and road-construction companies
Answer. 2
Q.2. Study the data given below:
Despite having a higher total income than Germany, Japan has a lower per capita income. What is the reason for this?
1. Japan has a more equitable distribution of income.
2. Germany has more rich people than poor people.
3. Japan has a smaller population than Germany.
4. Japan has a bigger population than Germany.
Answer. 4
Q.3. Which of the following is the best example of a public good?
1. medicines and injections
2. books and stationary
3. houses and furniture
4. law and order
Answer. 4
Q.4. “We have not inherited the world from our forefathers, we have borrowed it from our children.”
– Mr. Lester Brown
Which of the following BEST displays this principle in action?
1. using up current oil reserves before beginning to explore more reserves
2. moving to oil reserves under the sea to avoid drilling on land
3. moving to alternative fuels to conserve world oil reserves
4. using modern drilling facilities to extract petroleum
Answer. 3
Q.5. For a famous businessman’s mall-building project, a slum in Mumbai is being cleared and its people displaced, with only a small payment for their land. There have been protests and a Public Interest Litigation has been filed in the court. What should the local government do?
1. cancel the project
2. arrest the protesters
3. forcefully remove the people
4. wait for the court’s judgement
Answer. 4
Q.6. Welfare economics is the branch of economics that seeks to evaluate economic policies in terms of their effects on the well-being of the community. Which of the following improvements to your locality would NOT align with this view of welfare?
1. vaccinating the stray dogs in the area
2. building ramps in the society to aid the disabled
3. providing safety equipment to the garbage collectors
4. opening a park for people who can pay the membership fees
Answer. 4
Q.7. Our development is the earth’s destruction.
Do you agree with the given statement? Give 2 reasons to support your answer.
Answer. Establishment of viewpoint – agree / disagree
Any 2 relevant reasons to support the viewpoint:
Agree-
(1) present type and levels of development being unsustainable
(2) overexploitation of resources
(3) destruction of habitat
(4) air, land and water pollution
Disagree-
(1) development can be earth-conscious
(2) sustainable development
(3) alternate energy sources
(4) reducing carbon footprint
Q.8. People only need a good income to have a good standard of living, as income can buy everything that one needs for a good life.
Is this statement correct? Give reason to support your answer.
Answer. no
People also depend on public services.
Q.9. How does the Human Development Report give a holistic view of development?
Answer. Award 1 mark for each of the following:
(1) per capita income
(2) education indicators
(3) health indicators
Q.10. Sex ratio refers to the number of females per 1000 males in the population.
Odisha has a better sex ratio (972) than Madhya Pradesh (919). All other indicators being equal, how does this affect the Human Development Index of the two states?
Answer. It does not affect the HDI as sex ratio is not used in the calculation of HDI.
Q.11. The table below shows the income of the citizens of two countries, A and B, assuming that they have only 4 citizens.
(a) Calculate the per capita income of both the countries.
(b) Which country has a higher per capita income?
(c) Which country has a more equitable distribution of income?
(d) Is the answer for (b) and (c) the same? Give reasons.
Answer. (a)
Country A: 2,375
Country B: 10,540
(b) Country B (c) Country A
(d) No, because despite having a high per capita income, country B has a wide gap between the rich Citizen II and the rest of the citizens.
Q.12. The human development approach, developed by Mahbub ul Haq is often framed in terms of whether people are able to “be” and “do” desirable things in life. The freedom of choice is central – someone choosing to be hungry (as during a religious fast) is quite different from someone who is hungry because they cannot afford to buy food, or because the country is in a famine.
Give an example (other than the one given) to demonstrate the ‘freedom of choice’ explained above.
Answer. A girl choosing not to do higher education and be a performing artist Vs. a girl not allowed to go to college due to family constraints.
