‘A Portrait of A Lady’ is a lesson in class 11 textbook ‘Hornbill’. A paragraph wise word meanings given here would help in learning well in understanding the lesson ‘A Portrait of A lady’. Hindi meanings are also given along with English meanings.
The Portrait of A Lady Word Meanings
| Words | Meanings | Hindi Meanings |
|---|---|---|
| Wrinkled | lines and folds in skin due to old age | झुर्रियों वाला |
| Pretty | attractive and appealing | आकर्षक ओर मन को भाने वाला |
| Best part | most of the part, more than half | आधे से ज्यादा हिस्सा |
| Sort of | type or typical of | तरह का |
| As if | as though | जैसे कि |
| Revolting | extremely unpleasant, disgusting, repulsive | घिनौना ओर घृणा उत्पन्न करने वाला |
| Absurd | silly and ridiculous, not sensible | बेतुका, बेढंगा ओर निरर्थक |
| Undignified | causing dishonour and disrespect | अशोभनीय |
| Terribly | very much | बहुत ज्यादा, खूब |
| Hobble | difficulty in walking | लंगड़ा के या अटक के चलना |
| Spotless | pure and clean, without any marks | बेदाग |
| Stoop | shoulder bending forward | कंधों का आगे की ओर झुकना, निहुरना |
| Rosary | a string of beads used in counting prayers | जपमाला, सुमिरणी |
| Tell beads | to pray with rosary | माला जपना |
| Locks | the hair of head | बालों की लट |
| Puckered | with irregular lines and folds | सिकुड़ा ओर शिकन वाला चेहरा |
| Serenity | free from stress and emotions, calm and peaceful | शांत चित्त की अवस्था |
| Constantly | all the time | हमेशा, बराबर |
| Monotonous | never changing, dull and boring | एक जैसा ही |
| Bothered | worried | परेशान ओर चिंतित |
| Fetch | bring | लाना |
| Chorus | group singing | समूह गान |
| Send for | ask to come | बुलवाना |
| Distress | felt troubled, worried with mental pain | मन में अशान्ति के भाव, पीड़ा ओर क्लेश |
| Lewd | obscene and offensive | अश्लील |
| Harlots | prostitute | वेश्या |
| Gentlefolk | people from respected or high-class families | कुलीन जन |
| Disapproval | expressing dislike | नापसंदगी, नकारना |
| Seclusion | avoiding contact with public. | एकांत |
| Resignation | willing to accept difficult and unpleasant situations that you cannot change | किस्मत के भरोसे |
| Rarely | not often, not a usual happening | कभी-कभार ही |
| Veritable | comparatively genuine and authentic, very much so real | सत्य ओर दृढ़ |
| Bedlam | a very noisy and confusing scene | हंगामा ओर शोरगुल |
| Shoo | to make flee or run away | भगाना |
| Cherish | love the pleasant feeling of | मन में संजोना, अच्छा लगना |
| Imprint | mark | छाप, मोहर |
| Clasp | hold tightly in hand | कस कर पकड़ना |
| Frivolous | silly and not serious | तुच्छ ओर नजरंदाज करने लायक |
| Rebuke | reprimand, speak angrily and severely | डांट , झिड़क |
| Sagging | loosening due to sinking or bulging | झोल ओर स्थिलता |
| Dilapidated | old and in bad condition | टूटा फूटा, बर्बाद अवस्था में |
| Omit to | fail to do something, excluding | भूल कर छोड़ देना या न कर पाना |
| Pallor | pale colour due to illness | चेहरे का पीलापन |
| Customary | conventional and ritual practices | पारंपरिक ओर रूढ़िगत प्रथाएँ ओर रिवाज |
| Shroud | cloth to wrap a dead body | कफन |
| Blaze | a bright flame of | लपट या रौशनी की चमक |
A Portrait of A Lady: Paragraph Wise Word Meanings
MY grandmother, like everybody’s grandmother, was an old woman. She had been old and wrinkled for the twenty years that I had known her. People said that she had once been young and pretty and had even had a husband, but that was hard to believe. My grandfather’s portrait hung above the mantelpiece in the drawing room. He wore big turban and loose-fitting clothes. His long, white beard covered the best part of his chest and he looked at least a hundred years old. He did not look the sort of person who would have a wife or children. He looked as if he could only have lots and lots of grandchildren. As for my grandmother being young and pretty, the thought was almost revolting. She often told us of the games she used to play as a child. That seemed quite absurd and undignified on her part and we treated it like the fables of the Prophets she used to tell us.
| English Word/Phrase | Meaning in English | Meaning in Hindi |
|---|---|---|
| Old woman | An elderly woman | बुढ़िया |
| Wrinkled | Having small lines or folds on the skin, often due to age | झुर्रियाँ वाला |
| Portrait | A painting or photograph of a person, especially the face | चित्र |
| Mantelpiece | A shelf above a fireplace where decorative objects are placed | मंटलपीस |
| Turban | A long piece of cloth wrapped around the head as a head covering | सरपट |
| Loose-fitting clothes | Clothes that are not tight or form-fitting | ढीले कपड़े |
| Absurd | Extremely silly or foolish | बेतुका |
| Undignified | Not showing proper respect or seriousness | अयोग्य |
| Fables | Stories with a moral lesson, often involving animals | पौराणिक कथाएँ |
| Prophets | People who are believed to have been sent by God to teach people about the religion | नबी |
She had always been short and fat and slightly bent. Her face was a criss-cross of wrinkles running from everywhere to everywhere. No, we were certain she had always been as we had known her. Old, so terribly old that she could not have grown older, and had stayed at the same age for twenty years. She could never have been pretty; but she was always beautiful. She hobbled about the house in spotless white with one hand resting on her waist to balance her stoop and the other telling the beads of her rosary. Her silver locks were scattered untidily over her pale, puckered face, and her lips constantly moved in inaudible prayer. Yes, she was beautiful. She was like the winter landscape in the mountains, an expanse of pure white serenity breathing peace and contentment.
| English Word/Phrase | Meaning in English | Meaning in Hindi |
|---|---|---|
| Slightly bent | Not standing or sitting straight; slightly curved | थोड़ा मुड़ा हुआ |
| Criss-cross | A pattern of intersecting lines or marks | क्रिस-क्रॉस |
| Wrinkles | Small lines or folds on the skin, often due to age | झुर्रियाँ |
| Hobbled | Walked with difficulty or a limp | लंगड़ाते हुए चलना |
| Spotless | Completely clean and free from dirt or stains | निर्लेप |
| Rosary | A string of beads used in praying the rosary, a form of devotion to Mary, the mother of Jesus | माला |
| Silver locks | Gray or white hair | चांदी जैसे बाल |
| Pale | Having a light color or lacking in color; not bright or intense | फीका |
| Puckered | Gathered or folded together closely | झुर्रियों से भरा हुआ |
| Inaudible | Unable to be heard | असुनी |
| Serenity | The state of being calm, peaceful, and untroubled | शांति |
| Contentment | A state of happiness and satisfaction | संतोष |
My grandmother and I were good friends. My parents left me with her when they went to live in the city and we were constantly together. She used to wake me up in the morning and get me ready for school. She said her morning prayer in a monotonous sing-song while she bathed and dressed me in the hope that I would listen and get to know it by heart; I listened because I loved her voice but never bothered to learn it. Then she would fetch my wooden slate which she had already washed and plastered with yellow chalk, a tiny earthen ink-pot and a red pen, tie them all in a bundle and hand it to me. After a breakfast of a thick, stale chapatti with a little butter and sugar spread on it, we went to school. She carried several stale chapattis with her for the village dogs.
| English Word/Phrase | Meaning in English | Meaning in Hindi |
|---|---|---|
| Monotonous | Dull, tedious, and repetitious; lacking in variety and interest | एकमुखी |
| Sing-song | A way of speaking or singing with a rising and falling rhythm that is pleasant to listen to | गीत गाने की तरह |
| Bathed | Washed one’s body in a bathtub or shower | नहाना |
| Plastered | Cover or coat (a surface) with plaster or a similar material | प्लास्टर से ढकना |
| Slate | A flat piece of stone, typically rectangular or square, used for roofing or flooring | फर्श का पत्थर |
| Earthen | Made of clay or other earthenware material | मिट्टी का |
| Ink-pot | A small container for holding ink | मसाले का बरतन |
| Stale | No longer fresh and pleasant to eat or smell; having lost its original flavor or quality | बासी |
| Chapatti | A thin, unleavened flatbread made from wheat flour, common in Indian cuisine | चपाती |
| Butter | A pale yellow edible fatty substance made by churning cream and used as a spread or in cooking | मक्खन |
| Sugar | A sweet crystalline substance obtained from various plants, especially sugar cane and sugar beet, used as a sweetener | चीनी |
| Village | A group of houses and associated buildings, larger than a hamlet and smaller than a town, situated in a rural area | गाँव |
My grandmother always went to school with me because the school was attached to the temple. The priest taught us the alphabet and the morning prayer. While the children sat in rows on either side of the verandah singing the alphabet or the prayer in a chorus, my grandmother sat inside reading the scriptures. When we had both finished, we would walk back together. This time the village dogs would meet us at the temple door. They followed us to our home growling and fighting with each other for the chapattis we threw to them.
| English Word/Phrase | Meaning in English | Meaning in Hindi |
|---|---|---|
| Attached | Joined or fastened to something | जुड़ा हुआ |
| Temple | A building devoted to the worship, or regarded as the dwelling place, of a god or gods or other objects of religious reverence | मंदिर |
| Priest | A person who performs religious ceremonies and offers prayers to a deity or deities | पुजारी |
| Verandah | A roofed platform along the outside of a house, level with the ground floor | बरामदा |
| Chorus | A large group of singers, especially one that performs together with an orchestra or opera company | जनसमूह |
| Scriptures | Sacred writings or books; religious texts | धर्म ग्रंथ |
| Village | A group of houses and associated buildings, larger than a hamlet and smaller than a town, situated in a rural area | गाँव |
When my parents were comfortably settled in the city, they sent for us. That was a turning-point in our friendship. Although we shared the same room, my grandmother no longer came to school with me. I used to go to an English school in a motor bus. There were no dogs in the streets and she took to feeding sparrows in the courtyard of our city house.
| English Word/Phrase | Meaning in English | Meaning in Hindi |
|---|---|---|
| Comfortably settled | To have established oneself comfortably in a place | सुखद रूप से स्थापित होना |
| Turning-point | A time at which a decisive change in a situation occurs, especially one with beneficial results | बदलाव का समय |
| Friendship | A state of mutual trust and support between two people | मित्रता |
| Courtyard | A space open to the sky and surrounded by walls or buildings | आंगन |
| City house | A house located in a city | शहरी घर |
As the years rolled by we saw less of each other. For some time she continued to wake me up and get me ready for school. When I came back she would ask me what the teacher had taught me. I would tell her English words and little things of western science and learning, the law of gravity, Archimedes’ Principle, the world being round, etc. This made her unhappy. She could not help me with my lessons. She did not believe in the things they taught at the English school and was distressed that there was no teaching about God and the scriptures. One day I announced that we were being given music lessons. She was very disturbed. To her music had lewd associations. It was the monopoly of harlots and beggars and not meant for gentlefolk. She said nothing but her silence meant disapproval. She rarely talked to me after that.
| English Word/Phrase | Meaning in English | Meaning in Hindi |
|---|---|---|
| Rolled by | Passed gradually | धीरे-धीरे बीता |
| Western science | The scientific knowledge and discoveries made in the Western world | पश्चिमी विज्ञान |
| Law of gravity | A law stating that any two masses in the universe attract each other with a force proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them | गुरुत्वाकर्षण का कानून |
| Archimedes’ Principle | A law of physics stating that the upward buoyant force that is exerted on a body immersed in a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid that the body displaces | आर्किमीडीज का सिद्धांत |
| Scriptures | Religious texts or books | धर्मग्रंथ |
| Disapproval | The feeling of not approving of or being against something or someone | असंतोष |
When I went up to University, I was given a room of my own. The common link of friendship was snapped. My grandmother accepted her seclusion with resignation. She rarely left her spinning-wheel to talk to anyone. From sunrise to sunset she sat by her wheel spinning and reciting prayers. Only in the afternoon she relaxed for a while to feed the sparrows. While she sat in the verandah breaking the bread into little bits, hundreds of little birds collected round her creating a veritable bedlam of chirrupings. Some came and perched on her legs, others on her shoulders. Some even sat on her head. She smiled but never shooed them away. It used to be the happiest half hour of the day for her.
| English Word/Phrase | Meaning | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|---|
| University | An institution of higher education and research | विश्वविद्यालय |
| Seclusion | The state of being private and away from other people | एकांतता |
| Spinning-wheel | A device used to spin fibers into threads or yarn | चरखी |
| Reciting | Saying something out loud, often from memory | रटना |
| Verandah | A roofed platform along the outside of a house | छज्जा |
| Bedlam | A scene of uproar and confusion | हल्ला बोल |
| Chirrupings | The high-pitched sound made by small birds | चहचहाना |
| Perched | Resting on a branch or other object | चढ़ा हुआ |
| Shooed | To make someone or something go away, usually by waving your hands or making a loud noise | चले जाने को कहना |
When I decided to go abroad for further studies, I was sure my grandmother would be upset. I would be away for five years, and at her age one could never tell. But my grandmother could. She was not even sentimental. She came to leave me at the railway station but did not talk or show any emotion. Her lips moved in prayer, her mind was lost in prayer. Her fingers were busy telling the beads of her rosary. Silently she kissed my forehead, and when I left I cherished the moist imprint as perhaps the last sign of physical contact between us.
| English Word/Phrase | Meaning | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|---|
| Abroad | In or to a foreign country or countries | विदेश |
| Sentimental | Showing or characterized by tender emotions, especially of fondness, romanticism, or nostalgia | भावनात्मक |
| Railway station | A place where trains regularly stop so that passengers can get on or off | रेलवे स्टेशन |
| Emotion | A strong feeling such as love or anger, or strong feelings in general | भावना |
| Prayer | A solemn request for help or expression of thanks addressed to God or an object of worship | प्रार्थना |
| Rosary | A string of beads used for counting prayers in the Roman Catholic Church | माला |
| Cherished | Held dear; valued highly | अमूल्य |
| Imprint | A mark or depression made by pressure | छाप |
But that was not so. After five years I came back home and was met by her at the station. She did not look a day older. She still had no time for words, and while she clasped me in her arms I could hear her reciting her prayers. Even on the first day of my arrival, her happiest moments were with her sparrows whom she fed longer and with frivolous rebukes.
| English Word/Phrase | Meaning | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|---|
| Clasped | To hold tightly with arms, hands, or legs | गले लगाना |
| Reciting | Saying something out loud, often from memory | रटना |
| Frivolous | Not having any serious purpose or value | फुटील |
| Rebukes | Express sharp disapproval or criticism of (someone) because of their behavior or actions | डांट |
| Arrival | The act of reaching a destination or the time when someone or something arrives | आगमन |
In the evening a change came over her. She did not pray. She collected the women of the neighbourhood, got an old drum and started to sing. For several hours she thumped the sagging skins of the dilapidated drum and sang of the home-coming of warriors. We had to persuade her to stop to avoid overstraining. That was the first time since I had known her that she did not pray.
| English Word/Phrase | Meaning | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|---|
| Neighbourhood | A district or community within a town or city | पड़ोस |
| Dilapidated | In a state of disrepair or ruin as a result of age or neglect | टूटा-फूटा |
| Thumped | Hit (something) heavily and repeatedly | ठाप |
| Sagging | Hanging down or bending because of weight or pressure | झुका हुआ |
| Warriors | A brave or experienced soldier or fighter | योद्धा |
| Persuade | Cause (someone) to do something through reasoning or argument | राज़ी करना |
| Overstraining | To push someone or something too far beyond their limits, causing strain or damage | ज्यादा तनाव |
The next morning she was taken ill. It was a mild fever and the doctor told us that it would go. But my grandmother thought differently. She told us that her end was near. She said that, since only a few hours before the close of the last chapter of her life she had omitted to pray, she was not going to waste any more time talking to us.
| English Word/Phrase | Meaning | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|---|
| Taken ill | To become sick or unwell | बीमार हो जाना |
| Mild fever | A slight increase in body temperature often due to an infection | सामान्य बुखार |
| End | The final part of something | अंत |
| Near | Close in distance or time | निकट |
| Omitted | Left out or excluded | छोड़ देना |
| Waste | Use or expend carelessly, extravagantly, or to no purpose | बेकार करना |
We protested. But she ignored our protests. She lay peacefully in bed praying and telling her beads. Even before we could suspect, her lips stopped moving and the rosary fell from her lifeless fingers. A peaceful pallor spread on her face and we knew that she was dead. We lifted her off the bed and, as is customary, laid her on the ground and covered her with a red shroud. After a few hours of mourning we left her alone to make arrangements for her funeral. In the evening we went to her room with a crude stretcher to take her to be cremated. The sun was setting and had lit her room and verandah with a blaze of golden light. We stopped half-way in the courtyard. All over the verandah and in her room right up to where she lay dead and stiff wrapped in the red shroud, thousands of sparrows sat scattered on the floor. There was no chirruping. We felt sorry for the birds and my mother fetched some bread for them. She broke it into little crumbs, the way my grandmother used to, and threw it to them. The sparrows took no notice of the bread. When we carried my grandmother’s corpse off, they flew away quietly. Next morning the sweeper swept the bread crumbs into the dustbin.
| English Word/Phrase | Meaning | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|---|
| Protested | To express disagreement or disapproval | विरोध करना |
| Peacefully | In a calm and serene manner | शांतिपूर्ण |
| Praying | Communicating with a God or deity, often through spoken or silent words | प्रार्थना करना |
| Beads | Small, often spherical objects, usually strung together for counting or decorative purposes | मोती |
| Lifeless | Without life or consciousness | निर्जीव |
| Pallor | An unhealthy pale appearance | फीकापन |
| Funeral | A ceremony to honor and remember a deceased person | अंतिम संस्कार |
| Crude stretcher | A simple and rudimentary device used for carrying an injured or deceased person | असंगत बिछौना |
| Cremated | To burn a dead body into ashes, often as part of a funeral rite | शव दहन करना |
| Courtyard | An open space surrounded by walls or buildings, often located within a house or other structure | आंगन |
| Chirruping | The sound made by birds, often in a repetitive and melodious manner | चहचहाना |
| Dustbin | A container used for collecting and disposing of waste materials | रद्दी बक्सा |
“The Portrait of A lady”-Explanation of the Highlighted Words
“The thought was almost revolting” means that the idea or concept being referred to is causing strong feelings of disgust or repulsion in the speaker. In this context, the speaker is suggesting that it is difficult for them to imagine their grandmother as having been young and pretty because she has always appeared old and wrinkled to them. The speaker finds it almost disgusting to think of their grandmother in a different way than the way they have always known her.
“an expanse of pure white serenity” is used to describe the beauty and peacefulness of the old woman who is being described. The phrase is a metaphor comparing the woman’s appearance to that of a serene winter landscape in the mountains, which is wide and open and covered in pure white snow. The description suggests that the old woman’s appearance is not conventionally attractive, but she possesses a beauty that is peaceful, serene, and calming, just like the winter landscape.
A “turning-point” is a critical moment or event that marks a significant change or shift in the direction or course of something. It can be a moment of realization or decision-making that alters the path or trajectory of a person, group, or situation. Turning-points can be positive or negative, and they often have long-term effects that influence future events and outcomes. In the context of the given sentence, the turning-point refers to the moment when the narrator’s parents sent for them, which caused a significant change in their friendship with their grandmother.
“accepted her seclusion with resignation” means that the grandmother had to spend a lot of time alone or away from other people, but she had come to terms with this situation and had learned to live with it without complaining. She had accepted her isolation as a part of her life, and although it may have been difficult for her, she had decided to make the best of the situation and not let it get her down. In other words, she had learned to be content with her seclusion and had accepted it as an unavoidable reality.
“a veritable bedlam of chirrupings” means that there were a lot of birds chirping loudly and excitedly, creating a chaotic and noisy environment. The word “veritable” means “genuine” or “real”, while “bedlam” refers to a state of uproar, confusion or chaos. The word “chirrupings” is used to describe the sounds that birds make when they chirp. So, the phrase is used to paint a picture of a very noisy and lively scene, where the birds were chirping so loudly and in such large numbers that it created a sense of chaos or bedlam.
“frivolous rebukes” refer to light-hearted or playful scolding that are not meant to be taken seriously. In the context of the given passage, it means that the grandmother was scolding her sparrows playfully and not in a harsh manner. It could be seen as a way for her to express her joy at her grandson’s return and to distract herself from the emotions she might be feeling.
“the sagging skins of the dilapidated drum”: “sagging skins” refers to the drum’s drumheads or membranes, which are usually made of animal skin or synthetic materials. These drumheads are stretched over the top and bottom of the drum’s body, creating a resonant chamber that amplifies the sound produced by striking the drum with sticks or hands.
The adjective “sagging” implies that the drumheads are old and worn out, causing them to hang down or droop because they are no longer taut. Similarly, “dilapidated” suggests that the drum is in a state of disrepair, indicating that it is old, damaged, or broken. Thus, the phrase “sagging skins of the dilapidated drum” paints a picture of an old, worn-out drum with loosely stretched drumheads that have lost their original tension and sound quality.
